Transverse Flat-Footedness
Transverse flat-footedness is diagnosed in 80% of cases.
The transverse arch is formed by metatarsal bones or more exactly by their heads. Metatarsal bones form an arch. Thus the foot is supported by the first and fifth metatarsal heads. The transverse arch is mainly supported by the interosseous fascia and also plantar aponeurosis so called cartilage expansion of the foot. If the ligamentous apparatus doesn’t perform its function properly, a deformity of the transverse arch takes place which in its turn causes toe deformities.
Causes
It is most common in women due to wearing high-heeled and pointed toe shoes. It can also be caused by endocrine disorders in the body and genetic predisposition. But the major cause is chronic overload on feet that’s why it is important to let your feet rest as often as possible.
Diagnostics
The transverse deformity of the foot is characterized by widening of the front part of the foot as if it has splayed. The supporting function is performed by all heads of the metatarsus and not just by the first and fifth heads as usual. Thus, the second, third and fourth heads are being unusually loaded and the first head of the metatarsal bone is less loaded. As the transverse arch gets more deformed, hammer-toes appear. The first toe can deviate outwards. A diagnosis is made after a visual examination of feet, roentgenography or plantography.
Treatment
At the early stages of the condition hot foot baths, massage, remedial gymnastics and physiotherapy can be quite effective. Orthopedic insoles or footwear are prescribed for obvious flat-footedness. In case of serious foot and toe deformities surgical treatment is inevitable.
Preventive Measures
Preventive measures are better to be performed in childhood. It includes regular gait, long walks, wearing comfortable footwear with a counter and a small heel. Bare-foot walks on the sand, active games such as football or volleyball can also have a positive effect.
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